Speakers - 2027

Title: Genetic approaches to understanding the microbiota–immunity axis in ulcerative colitis

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease resulting from complex interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. This presentation aims to explore the microbiota–immunity axis through the perspective of host genetics. We are particularly interested in the role of genetic polymorphisms in modulating immune responses and their influence on gut microbiota homeostasis. Particular emphasis is placed on immune regulatory mechanisms, including those involving regulatory T cells and key genes such as FOXP3, which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance. In this context, molecular biology tools, including droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), are used to specifically quantify selected genetic and microbial markers, enabling the investigation of associations between genetic variations, dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. The presentation will also address the potential beneficial role of specific gut microbiota bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, which are recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties, contribution to intestinal barrier integrity, and involvement in immune homeostasis. Their depletion has frequently been associated with ulcerative colitis, whereas restoring these beneficial bacteria may represent a promising avenue for improving patients’ health and quality of life. Overall, this approach aims to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ulcerative colitis and to identify relevant biomarkers, thereby contributing to the development of personalized medicine strategies for the management of the disease.