Scientific Sessions

Zoonotic diseases, also known as zoonoses, are infections that are naturally transmissible between animals and humans. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites and are often transmitted through direct contact with animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or via vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. The dynamics of zoonotic diseases are complex and influenced by multiple factors including ecological changes, human behavior, and globalization. Urbanization, deforestation, and increased human-wildlife interaction significantly contribute to the spillover of pathogens from animals to humans. Livestock farming, wet markets, and climate change further exacerbate the risks by altering the habitats of disease-carrying vectors and expanding the range of infectious agents.

Understanding zoonotic disease dynamics is crucial for early detection, prevention, and control of potential outbreaks. Surveillance systems that monitor both animal and human populations are vital for identifying emerging threats. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the global impact of zoonotic transmission and highlighted the need for a One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health disciplines. Effective management requires multidisciplinary collaboration, public awareness, vaccination programs, and biosecurity measures. As our interactions with ecosystems intensify, continuous research and policy planning are essential to mitigate the threats posed by zoonotic diseases and to enhance preparedness for future public health emergencies.