Scientific Sessions

Vaccines are biological preparations that provide immunity against specific diseases by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and fight pathogens. They contain weakened or inactivated parts of a particular organism (antigen) that trigger an immune response without causing the disease itself. Some newer vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA) to instruct cells to produce a harmless piece of the virus, which then prompts immunity. Vaccination is one of the most effective tools in preventing infectious diseases and controlling their spread within populations. It not only protects the individual receiving the vaccine but also contributes to herd immunity, indirectly shielding those who are not immunized. This has led to the eradication or significant decline of deadly diseases such as smallpox, polio, and measles in many parts of the world.

The importance of vaccination extends beyond childhood immunizations. Adults also require vaccines, such as flu shots, boosters for tetanus, and protection against diseases like hepatitis, HPV, or COVID-19. Public health programs across the globe actively promote vaccination campaigns to reach vulnerable and high-risk populations. Despite its proven benefits, vaccine hesitancy—due to misinformation, fear of side effects, or cultural beliefs—remains a challenge. Education and transparent communication from healthcare professionals are essential in addressing concerns and building public trust. Continued research and innovation in vaccine development are crucial for combating emerging infectious threats and ensuring global health security.