Scientific Sessions

Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, remain a significant global health challenge despite advancements in medicine and technology. These diseases can spread directly from person to person, through contaminated food or water, by vectors such as mosquitoes, or via environmental exposure. Some, like influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS, have persisted for decades, while emerging infections such as COVID-19, Ebola, and Zika virus highlight the constant threat of new pathogens. The burden of infectious diseases is not confined to developing nations; global travel, trade, and climate change have expanded their reach, making prevention and control a worldwide concern. Vaccination programs, antimicrobial therapies, improved sanitation, and rapid diagnostic tools have been key in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), urbanization, population displacement, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure continue to pose challenges for effective management.

Public health plays a pivotal role in combating infectious diseases through surveillance, prevention, education, and policy implementation. Effective public health strategies include robust disease monitoring systems, early outbreak detection, and rapid response measures to contain transmission. Public awareness campaigns promote hygiene, vaccination uptake, and responsible antibiotic use, which are crucial in limiting the spread of infections. International collaboration, guided by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ensures coordinated responses to pandemics and cross-border health threats. In addition, research into new vaccines, antiviral drugs, and vector control methods is essential to keep pace with evolving pathogens. Addressing the social determinants of health—such as poverty, education, nutrition, and access to healthcare—is equally important in reducing susceptibility to infectious diseases. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, integrating infectious disease control into broader public health and sustainable development agendas is vital for protecting communities, reducing health disparities, and safeguarding global health security.