Scientific Sessions

Fungal infections, caused by various species of fungi including yeasts and molds, can range from superficial skin conditions to life-threatening systemic diseases. Common superficial infections include athlete’s foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, which affect the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. More severe forms, such as invasive aspergillosis or cryptococcal meningitis, typically affect immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or undergoing organ transplantation. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Diagnostic methods include direct microscopic examination, fungal culture, histopathology, serological testing, and advanced molecular techniques such as PCR. Each technique has its strengths and limitations, and a combination of approaches is often used to ensure precise identification of the pathogen.

Management of fungal infections depends on the type, severity, and site of infection, as well as the patient’s immune status. Topical antifungals like clotrimazole or terbinafine are often sufficient for localized skin infections. Systemic antifungal agents such as fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B are used for deeper or more widespread infections. Invasive fungal infections require prompt and aggressive treatment, often involving a combination of antifungal medications and supportive care. Preventive strategies are also important, particularly in high-risk individuals, and may include prophylactic antifungal use and environmental controls. With the increasing incidence of antifungal resistance, there is a growing need for new therapeutic agents and better stewardship of existing treatments. Awareness, timely diagnosis, and appropriate management remain the cornerstones in controlling the burden of fungal infections globally.