Scientific Sessions

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. These diseases can be caused by newly identified microbes, such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19, or by known pathogens that have become more virulent, resistant to treatment, or spread to new areas. Factors such as urbanization, global travel, climate change, deforestation, and close human-animal interactions contribute significantly to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. Zoonotic diseases — those transmitted from animals to humans — represent a large proportion of EIDs, making surveillance and early detection crucial to prevent outbreaks.

In recent decades, the world has witnessed several major outbreaks including Ebola, Zika, avian influenza, and COVID-19, underscoring the importance of global public health preparedness and collaboration. Tackling EIDs requires a multifaceted approach involving improved diagnostic tools, robust surveillance systems, public awareness, and investment in vaccine and therapeutic research. International cooperation among governments, health organizations, and scientific communities is essential to share data, resources, and strategies. With the increasing risk posed by antimicrobial resistance and the unpredictable nature of pathogen evolution, it is imperative to adopt a One Health approach — recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health — to effectively manage and mitigate the threat of emerging infectious diseases.